Syllabus- Revolt of 1857 in Hyderabad and the role of Turre Baz Khan; Socio- Economic Development during the rule of the sixth and seventh Nizams – Growth of Railways, Transport and Communication System, Establishment of Industries, Educational Institutions – Monuments of Asaf Jahi period
Number of questions- Mains: 02, Prelims – 10
Mains Questions of the day
1. Discuss the state of roadways and railways during Nizam period in Telangana.
Introduction:
Write briefly about the Nizam rule in Telangana.
Body:
Mention the state of roadways and railways during Nizam period in Telangana.
Conclusion:
- The British government developed modern means of transport and communication for economic exploitation, administrative convenience and military defense.
- A large network of roads was laid across vast areas of the Deccan.
- Besides encouraging trade and commerce in Telangana, it also made it easier for political activists to travel across the country.
- The development of the modern postal system and the introduction of telegraph also helped to unify the country to a great extent.
- Both these effectively revolutionised the process of information transmission and communication and helped Indians come in greater contact with one another.
Content:
From 1724 to 1948, Hyderabad underwent immense growth, both culturally and economically. The Nizams were great patrons of literature, art, architecture and food; and were counted amongst the wealthiest people in the world. During their period, Railways and Roadways were also developed.
Railways:
- Nizam established ‘Nizam State Railway’ in 1869.
- First operational rail line began between Wadi and Secundrabad in 1874.
- During this period trade between British India and Hyderabad state was between 40 to 50 lakhs.
- British suggested a plan to Nizams for connecting Waranal (singareni coal mines) with that of Madras presidency with the intention to exploit coal reserves of Hyderabad state.
- Nizam government came forward to give guarantee of 5% interest on the investment made by the british railway company.
- This scheme is known as nizam guarantee scheme.
- In 1899, Manmade-Hyderabad rail line was laid.
- Nampally railway station came into existence and first passenger train made its way in 1921.
- By 1916 Kachiguda railway station was constructed and by the time Hyderabad joined Indian union this station was headquarters to Nizam guarantee railway scheme.
- This scheme began during tenure of sixth Nizam and continued till reign of seventh Nizam.
- Till 1930 construction of railway lines were under taken by private companies till establishment of Nizam’s railway board.
- The other rail routes constructed during the rule of last Nizam.
- Though Nizams railway system initially experienced loses but later got into Profits.
Road ways:
- There were no proper routes for British army to pass Nizams dominion in early days
- The roads in Hyderabad city was narrow.
- Need for broad roadways was felt.
- Nizam’s administration from 1867 began to look after maintainance of road in the state officially.
- By 1891, around 1000 miles of roads were constructed by Nizam’s administration.
- The same was extended in 1901, 1930 and 1940 respectively.
- In 1932 state Road department was merged with Nizam’s state Railway system.
- From then both road and railway departments developed simultaneously.
- In 1932, state road transport system began to function.
2.Mention the agrarian condition during Asaf Jahi period?
Introduction:
Write briefly about Asaf Jah period
Body:
Mention the agrarian condition during Asaf Jah period
Conclusion:
- Overall, there was a miserable life in agrarian community during Asaf Jah period, but during era of last two Nizam’s, tremendous measures and reforms were undertaken for growth agricultural production.
- Along with agriculture, poultry and dairy industry too got administrative support during last Nizam’s.
- Those reforms and measures could contribute towards improving the life of agrarian society in Telangana.
Content:
Agrarian conditions during Asaf Jahi period
- Occupation of majority of the people of Hyderabad state relied based on agriculture.
- As Hyderabad state located on Deccan plateau, semi-arid climate prevailed
- Peasant community though large in number but produced less due to following reasons:
- Less availability of irrigation facilities
- less fertilisers
- local seed
- attack of blights and other pests
- Peasant community mostly led their life in poverty.
- Due to less irrigational facility dry cultivation was mostly in practise.
- In Diwani areas, peasants directly use to pay taxes
- In Jagirdari and Zamindari areas rent and tax was paid to their respective Jagirdars and Zamindars.
- Some part of land used under Nizams directly for his personal maintenance and such land was known as Sarf-i-Khas.
- Agrarian Production depended on amount of rain fall.
- In case of less rainfall, Famine like conditions existed which made life of common man more miserable.
- Hyderabad state located on Deccan plateau also known as land of tanks.
- Like their predecessors, Asaf Jahis too constructed many new tanks and repaired the old.
- Both food and commercial crops were grown. Of them Jowar, rice, millets, groundnut were grown mostly in the state.
- Commercial crops like cotton, sugarcane were grown.
- Two crops, one in rabi and other in kharif were cultivated.
- Ox animal was used to carry cart loads.
- Large number of peasants controlled small part of land and landlords less in number had vast lands under their control.
- Statistics of Warangal district in 1929-30 says:
- 1.7% of people owned 35% of dry land and
- 2.5% of people held 50% of wet land.
- This vast disparity in land holding led to undergrowth of agrarian system in Hyderabad state.
- Agrarian ecosystem in state gave death like conditions to peasants due to following reasons:
- Low productivity in agriculture
- rural indebtedness
- high rate of interests
- drought.
- During era of last two Nizam’s, tremendous measures were undertaken for growth of diary and agricultural production.
- In 1913 Mir Osman Ali Khan established department of Agriculture, called as Zirayat and kept it under supervision of John Henry.
- This zirayat made attempts to introduce following reforms for enhancing the agriculture production such as:
- High yielding local varity and Hybrid crops
- Improved irrigation facilities
- Seeds withstanding arid climate.
- Along with agriculture, poultry and dairy industry too got administrative support during last Nizam’s and took care to introduce the modern technology which is available in Europe.
- During last Nizam, there was considerable growth of agriculture and its related industries due to introduction of:
- High yielding variety seeds
- Modern implements
- Irrigation facilities
- Poultry and dairy development
- Use of pesticides and chemicals
- Technology awareness programmes for peasants in rural areas and
- Establishment of agro based industries (sugar, textiles, silk, jute industries ete)
Prelims Questions of the day:
1. Which of the following best describes the word “Madrasa-I-Aliya”?
- School for the royal family children
- School for the noble children
- Anglo-vernacular school
- Educational institute to impart religious training
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Madrasa-I-Aliya was founded by Mir Turab Ali Khan (Salar Jung 1, who was the prime minister between the fourth and sixth Nizams of Hyderabad) in 1873.
- The school was established for the children of the nobles.
2. Who was the Nizam ruler during 1857 revolt started in North India?
- sikhindar Jah
- Afzal-ud-doula
- Nasir-ud-Daulah
- Nizam Ali Khan
Answer: C.
Explanation:
- Mir Farqunda Ali Khan commonly known as Nasir-ud-Daulah, was Nizam of Hyderabad, a princely state of British India, from 24 May 1829 until his death in 1857.
- Born as Farqunda Ali Khan to Nizam Sikandar Jah and Fazilatunnisa Begum, Nasir-ud-Daulah ascended the throne in 1829.
- He inherited a financially weak kingdom. On his request, Lord William Bentinck withdrew all of the European superintendents of civil departments and followed a policy of non-intervention in the Nizam’s affairs.
- The Nizam founded the Hyderabad Medical School in 1846
- He owed large debts to the Arabs, the Rohillas and the British, and in 1853 he signed a treaty with the British during the reign of Governor-General the Earl of Dalhousie.
- The British agreed to liquidate all of his debts in return for ceding part of his territory to the British.
3. Which of the following is incorrect with regard to Turrebhaz khan?
- Turrebhaz khan was one of the rebellions during 1857 revolt in Hyderabad state.
- He was sent to Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
- He belongs to Rohilla sect.
- Both A& C
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Turrebaz Khan was born in Begum Bazar in present-day Hyderabad district. He revolted against the British, despite opposition from the ruling Nizam.
- He belongs to Rohilla sect.
- Turrebaz Khan was an Indian revolutionary who fought against the British in Hyderabad State during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and was hung by the British.
- The uprising of 1857 in Hyderabad, led by Turrebaz Khan and Maulvi Allauddin, was essentially to free Jamedar Cheeda Khan, who was held as a prisoner inside the Residency.
4.Who among the following built the Falaknuma palace?
- Mir Laiq Ali Khan
- Sir Viqar-ul-Umra
- Salarjung -I
- Salarjung-II
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Falaknuma is a palace in Hyderabad, Telangana.
- It originally belonged to the Paigah family, and was later owned by the Nizam of Hyderabad.
- It was built by Nawab Sir Viqar-ul-Umra, Prime Minister of Hyderabad and the uncle & brother-in-law of the sixth Nizam.
- Falaknuma means “Like the Sky” or “Mirror of Sky” in Urdu
5.Which of the following best describe the word Madrasa-i-Aizza?
- Educational institute to impart religious training
- School for the Noble children
- School for the Royal family children
- To impart western education
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Madrasa-i-Aliya was established for the children of the nobles and Madrasa-i-Aizza was opened for the children of the Royal family in 1873 and 1878 respectively under private management with English teachers.
- The state made compulsory payment of fees in the district schools in the year of 1878.
6.Who among the following has conferred the title Salarjung-II in 1833?
- sikhindar Jah
- Afzal-ud-doula
- Mir Laiq Ali Khan
- Nasir-ud-Daulah
Answer: C
Explanation:
- With the death of Salarjung I in 1883, the situation in the Hyderabad state became volatile as the Nizam was still a minor.
- From 1883-to 1884, the council of regency ruled Hyderabad after which a new PM was to be appointed.
- The non-Mulkis and British Government strongly supported the candidature of Mir Laiq Ali Khan, son of Salarjung I for the post of Prime Minister.
- Mir Laiq Ali Khan has conferred the titleSalarjung II on 31st October 1883 and was appointed as the PM on 5th February 1884.
- During 1883 and 1884, the non-Mulki could get into direct contact with the Nizam and slowly started gaining political influence.
7.During which of the following Nizam regime, Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar tank were built?
- Mir Osman Ali Khan
- Mir Mahaboob Ali Khan
- Nizam Ali Khan
- Salarjung -I
Answer: A
Explanation:
Two reservoirs, Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar, were built during Mir Osman Ali Khan reign, to prevent another great flood in the city.
8.Which of the following describe the word Madrassa-i-Deeniya?
- To impart religious training to Muslim youth.
- To impart Sanskrit language to youth
- To impart western education
- To impart education in vernacular language
Answer: A
Explanation:
- The Madrassa-i-Deeniya was started in 1882 to impart religious training to Muslim youth.
- A Sanskrit school called the Vedic Dharma Prakashika started at Hyderabad in 1894 to impart religious training to Hindu boys.
- Another Sanskrit school, which was aided by the state established at Hyderabad in 1899.
- Dharmwant High School and Mufeedul-Anam High School were the first two private schools that inculcated western education with English medium in the old city, which were founded by the Malwala Kayasth family and the leaders of the Khatri caste in 1880 and 1882 respectively.
9.In which of the following year, Nizam state road transport department was started?
- 1922
- 1932
- 1918
- 1927
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Nizam State Rail & Road Transport Department was a wing of the Nizam’s Guaranteed State Railway in the former Hyderabad State.
- It was the first Road Transport Department to nationalize passenger Road Transport Services in the year of 1932.
- The last Nizam Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII handed over the rail and road transport to the Indian Government.
10. Who among the following established the Darul Ulum School in Hyderabad city?
- Sir Asman za
- Sir Vekarool umra
- Salarjung-I
- Both B&C
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Salarjung, established the first western educational institution ie., Darul Ulum School in Hyderabad city in 1855 A.D.
- The Chadarghat High school and City High school were established in 1870 and 1872 respectively.
- A school of Civil engineering was established in 1870 A.D, later the Civil Engineering name changed as Nizam college.