Syllabus- The Establishment of Asaf Jahi Dynasty – Salar Jung Reforms and Modernization of Telangana; Socio- Economic development under the Nizams – Land Tenures and Social System, Jagirdars, Deshmukhs etc. And Vetti– British Paramountcy and Nizam.
Number of questions- Mains: 02, Prelims – 10
Mains Questions of the day
1.Explain the Salarjung’s the salient features of financial reforms.
Introduction:
Write briefly about Salarjung’s rule.
Body:
Mention the financial reforms of Salarjung.
Conclusion:
- Salarjung I played crucial role in the history of Hyderabad state.
- His reforms in various aspects of administration gave Hyderabad state a sound financial strength and consolidated the entire administrative setup.
Content:
- Salarjung-1 family claims from Madina in Arabia, who have migrated from Madina to Bijapur.
- After the fall Bijapur, the later members of family took service under Mughals.
- Later on they transferred their loyalty to the family of Nizam’s of Hyderabad and served them.
- This family acquired so much importance that five members of it served as the prime minister of Hyderabad.
- They were the leading nobles and played key role in state administration.
- The first salar Jung, Mir Turabali Khan, was a great administrator and architect of modern Hyderabad.
- Salarjung-I originally known as Turab Ali Khan, was one of the most remarkable statesmen of Hyderabad state.
- He receives lone appreciation for his role played in shaping the contours of the history of Hyderabad during an important transitional period.
- His public life began in 1847, at age of 19 he was appointed as Awal Talukdar (Collector) of Khammam District, here he mastered the details of office.
- He was just 24 years old and took charge as diwan just after treaty of 1853, under which a large territory of Nizams was transferred to British resulting in loss of revenue of Rs. 40 lakh per annum.
- Deposed Jagirdars created problems to the administration.
- The loss of Berar and the districts of Osmanabad and Raichur created serious economic crisis in Hyderabad state.
- The administrative setup of the state was worsening therefore he initially studied the problem and took steps to make state financially strong
Financial Reforms of Salarjung:
- Salarjung-I initiated certain measures for giving sound financial base to state administration.
- He abolished the tax farming system, under this system tax farmer like daftardars and contractors benefited immensely.
- They paid only a fixed amount to the state and collected heavily from poor peasants by pressurising them.
- This resulted in heavy loss to both state and poor peasants.
- He appointed regular Talukdars who were paid from state exchequer.
- They collected revenue from peasant directly and this measure brought peasants directly in touch with administration.
- It also relieved them from exploitation of tax farmers like daftardars.
- This enabled salarjung to make exact assessment of taxes from land.
- Salarjung took steps for standardisation and stabilisation of currency system.
- He monopolised minting of coins to remove large counterfeit coins that were in circulation.
- Central mint was established at Hyderabad and issued Halisikka and made it as standard coin for all financial transactions.
- Thus, his financial reforms made states economy surplus and it further encouraged to undertaking many developmental activities.
2.Mention the relation of Nizam with the British.
Introduction:
Write briefly formation of Hyderabad state.
Body:
Mention the relation of Nizam with the British.
Conclusion:
- Revolt against English failed due to pro-British attitude of Nizam, Afzal Ud Dowla and his diwan Salarjung.
- Nizam’s feudal setup to support English through their loyalty.
- British also recognised the importance of the Hyderabad state and their friendship with Nizam.
Content:
- With the demise of Aurangazeb in 1707, the strength of Mughals empire began to decline.
- There are many reasons behind its decline.
- The Golconda kingdom once ruled by Qutub shahis was occupied by Aurangazeb and since then this region remained as one of the Province of Mighty Mughal Empire, between 1687 and 1724.
- During early decades of eighteenth century provincial governors asserted independence by taking advantage of incapable emperors.
- One of them was Mir Qamruddin Khan Chin Qlich Khan, the then provincial governor of Hyderabad Subha.
- He is popularly known with his titles Nizam-ul-mulk and AsafJah that were bestowed on him by Mughal emperor Muhammad shah.
- He was the founder of Hyderabad state in 1724.
- Hyderabad state with its distinct culture and identity, emerged as one of the important princely state under colonial domination.
Nizam-British Relations:
- During the tenure of Salabat Jung as deccan subedar, French influence increased in Hyderabad state.
- Salabat jung imprisoned Nizam Ali Khan and Basalat Jung who disliked the French domination in Hyderabad state.
- With the increasing pressure from Maratha, salabat jung came to an understanding with his brother Nizam Ali Khan in 1757 and made him as subedar of Berar.
- In Bengal, British on other side defeated allied forces (Mughal emperor, Awad Nawab and Bengal Subedar) in the battle of buxar (1764) and concluded Allahabad treaty in 1765 with Mughal emperor.
- According to this treaty, Mughal emperor accepted to hand over Northern Sarkars to British East India company.
- But Nizam Ali Khan at Hyderabad was reluctant to accept this treaty and was not in favour to hand over northern sarkar to Britsh.
- British East India company made many attempts for favour of Nizam Ali Khan to get northern sarkar.
- In 1766, British made an agreement with Nizam Ali Khan and General smith represented the British.
- According to this agreement, Nizam accepted to hand over the British:
- Rajamundry, Eluru, Mustafanagar for Rupees four lakhs and
- Murtajanagar (Guntur), Chicacole for Rupees two lakhs.
- Above this British has to pay Rupees Nine lakhs as annual rent to Nizam Ali Khan.
- Basically, Nizam Ali Khan was not interested to hand over northern sarkar to British but financial restraints compeled him to do.
- Nizam Ali Khan even made secret alliance with Carnatic nawab.
- English East India company in retaliation came to an agreement with Arcot nawab and recognised him as nawab of carnatic and got diwani rights over Balaghat region and in return agreed to pay rupees seven lakhs to Nizam.
- Through this treaties Nizam has to forego his rights over carnatic and northern sarkar forever.
- The later treaties of 1788 and 1800, the company acquired the Guntur and the ceded districts respectively.
- Thus gradually, English East India Company gained full control over Nizam’s of Hyderabad.
Prelims questions of the day:
1.Siraj-ul-Mulk, was the prime minister of which of the following Ruler?
- Nazir-ud-Doula
- Mir Osman Ali Khan
- Mir Turab Ali Khan
- Salarjung
Answer: A
Explanation:
- Siraj-ul-Mulk was the prime minister to Nazir-ud-Doula (1829 – 1857) A.D.
- Siraj-ul-Mulk died in 1853 A.D and Salarjung was appointed the Prime Minister because of the intervention of the British.
- Period of Salarjung I was considered as most important in the history of Hyderabad State. He was an architect of modern Hyderabad.
2. What is the original name of Salarjung-I?
- Afzul ud doula
- Mir Turab Ali Khan
- Mir Osman Ali Khan
- Siraj-ul-Mulk
Answer: A
Explanation:
- Siraj-ul-Mulk died in 1853 A.D and Salarjung was appointed the Prime Minister because of the intervention of the British.
- Period of Salarjung I was considered as most important in the history of Hyderabad State.
- He was an architect of modern Hyderabad,
- Salarjung I served as Talukdar of Medak District before prime minister post
- Salarjung I original name was Mir Turab Ali Khan popularly known by Salarjung.
3. During Salarjung Judicial reforms, which of the following best described the word Mahakama-e-Ajila?
- Separate court for Hindu and Muslims
- Appellate court of judicature
- Establishing the regional courts
- Both B and C
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Diwan Salarjung made key changes to the Judiciary in 1872 A.D.
- The Court of Appeal was established with the name of ‘ Mahakama-e-Ajila’, consisting of residing Officer and four Members.
- This Court was described as the ‘Appellate court of judicature ‘.
4.In the Civil Judicial administration of the Hyderabad state, which of the following word describes the High Court?
- Mahakama-e-Ajila
- Kotwal
- Majlis- Aliya Adalat
- Daftar-e-Najam Jamiyat
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Diwan Salarjung made key changes to the Judiciary in 1872 A.D.
- The Court of Appeal was established with the name of ‘Mahakama-e-Ajila’, consisting of residing Officer and four Members.
- This Court was described as the ‘Appellate court of judicature’.
- In the Civil Judicial administration of the Hyderabad state,” Majlis- Aliya Adalat” or High Court was the key Judicial Court.
5.Which of the following describe the word “kotwal”?
- Police commissioner
- Military officer
- Police personnel’s
- Revenue officer
Answer: A
Explanation:
The administration of city was taken by Kotwal or Police Commissioner.
6.Who was the last ruler of Hyderabad?
- Mir Osman Ali Khan
- Nizam-ul-Mulk
- Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah
- Afzul ud doula
Answer: A
Explanation:
By Police Action, Indian Government on Nizam Government during the period of Mir Osman Ali Khan (1911 – 1948) A.D, surrendered and Hyderabad City was taken over and merged into Indian Union on 17th Sept 1948.
7.During which of the following Mughal regime, Hyderabad state was founded?
- Nizam-ul-Mulk
- Asaf Jah
- Muhammad Shah Rangila
- Both A and B
Answer: C
Explanation:
The state of Hyderabad was founded by Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah in 1724 A.D., during the reign of Muhammad Shah Rangila, the 12th Mughal emperor (1719 A.D.-1748 A.D.).
8.Which of the following author wrote the “Yayathi charitra”?
- Kandukuri Rudrakavi
- Addani Gangadhara
- Ramadaas
- Ponnaganti Telaganarya
Answer: D
Explanation:
Ponnaganti Telaganaarya wrote “Yayati charitra” which is pure telugu epic, it was dedicated to Ameerkhan.
9.Muzzafar Jung ascend the throne with the help of which of the following European power?
- Dutch
- British
- French
- Portuguese
Answer: C
Explanation:
Muzzafar Jung ascend the throne with the help of French but his rule came to an end with his accidental death.
10. Which of the following author wrote “Padma Puraanam”?
- Ramadaas
- Gangadhara
- Mallareddy
- Rudrakavi
Answer: C
Explanation:
Mallareddy wrote “padma puraanam”.