Number of questions- Mains: 02, Prelims – 10
Mains Questions of the day:
1.Explain the rise of Telugu Desam party (TDP) in Telangana and its consequences on Telangana Politics.
Introduction:
Write briefly socio-political conditions in Telangana during 1980’s.
Body:
Explain the rise of TDP in Telangana and its consequences on Telangana politics.
Conclusion:
- Due to opposition in different classes, TDP faced strong jolt in 1989 elections.
- The concept of ‘Self-respect of Telugu people’ could not remain for long to keep Telugu people united.
- The existence of Telugu people was cracked and sub-existences (Telangana Movement) came out due to the above reasons.
Content:
- The Telugu Desam Party is a regional political party active in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
- The party was founded by N. T. Rama Rao in 1982.
- The Telugu Desam Party follows a pro-Telugu ideology.
- It was founded as an alternative to the Congress hegemony, by emphasizing Telugu regional pride and serving as the party for farmers, backward castes and middle-class people. Since the 1990s, it has followed an economically liberal policy that has been seen as pro-business and pro-development.
Rise of Regional Parties in Telangana:
- The central government has invested more in Hyderabad city after 1969 movement.
- It propagated the need to improve the industries and basic Infrastructure in Telangana region.
- After the judgement of Supreme Court on 3 October 1972, the capitalists of Andhra raised Jai Andhra movement and all the safeguards to Telangana were removed.
- As there were no special provisions to Telangana (there was no need to take permission from Regional Committee to buy the lands in Telangana), they felt that their investment was safe.
- The top class from Andhra felt that the demand for separate state was no more.
- So, the capitalists of Andhra invested in Hyderabad with great enthusiasm and got profits.
- Andhra capitalists have gained surplus from agriculture in their region and profits from contracts in Telangana.
- Like this, the Andhra capitalists, Andhra farmers who got profits in agriculture and the people who were vexed with congress rule tried for the alternative political power.
- During the same time political unifications happened at national and state levels.
- There is no end to the process of political alignment and re-alignment in a society where there are people longing to different categories.
- At the same time, NT Rama Rao asked Indira Gandhi to send him to Rajya Sabha which was rejected.
- He settled in Tamilnadu due to his career in film industry. As there was a close relation between politics and film industry in Tamilnadu and the people like MGR and Karunanidhi, he wanted to enter politics.
- Congress party lost the faith in people due to split in 1969 and 1978 and frequent change of chief ministers in Andhra Pradesh.
- As part of this, Trade Union leader T. Anjaiah was made chief minister of AP.
- Anjaiah, who then CM of AP arranged a grand welcome to Rajiv Gandhi, the general secretary of Congress party, when he visited Hyderabad.
- As Rajiv Gandhi did not like these things, he insulted the chief minister T. Anjaiah in public, which was the main headline in many newspapers.
- It was a golden opportunity to NT Rama Rao who pleaded congress for Rajya Sabha MP seat in 1982.
- He became popular as a leading hero in many socio-fantasy movies in Telugu film industry.
- As an actor he had same fan following both in Telangana and Andhra regions.
- So, he started Telugu Desham Party in March 1982 with slogan of self-respect of Andhrites and how it was insulted by central government.
- The political novice NT Rama Rao was supported by Nadendia Bhaskara Rao, who aspired for the chief minister post but was disappointed by congress.
- The ballot was successful as ‘box office hit’ due to his popularity and promises about the welfare schemes.
- It was a record that he won the election with a thumping majority within one year of establishment of a party.
- In 1983, abolished patel – Patwari system prevailing in Andhra Pradesh as soon as he came to power.
Self-respect of Telugu people slogan existence of Telangana:
- He brought the concept of “Existence of Telugu people’ at the cost of the existence of Telangana.
- The ‘self-respect of Telugu people’ concept could stop the Telangana existence for some time.
- He tried to convince and be united through the concept of ‘Existence of Telugu people’. Telangana region was suppressed in reality.
- As he came to power with the slogan of self-respect of Telugu people, he did not want to have regionalism (like Telangana movement) and the culture, language of Andhra region brought dumped in Telangana.
- To bring out the ‘Existence of Telugu people’, he started another concept Telugutalli i.e.. the mother of Telugu.
- Establishing many idols of Telugutalli in Telangana region had a big conspiracy behind it.
- As a first step in that process of Teluguism, Telugu University was established.
- The word Telugu was added in every government programme.
- Infrastructure was provided to Amaravati, Tirumal, Tirupati etc to make them cultural capitals and at the same time Telangana temples were neglected.
- Due to social and political conditions, the issue of Telangana came again in 1990s.
- Due to NTR’s success and unopposed leadership in TDP, political leaders in Telangana have also grown.
- The existence of Telangana political leaders was dependent on the likes of NTR.
- Like Indira Gandhi in congress, NTR also tried to be powerful in TDP.
- There was no leader from Telangana in NTR’s cabinet to speak like him.
- Telangana representatives had no opportunity due to NTR’s style and sudden one-sided decisions.
- These things made both politicians and politics disappeared.
- So, Telangana leaders lost the support of the people.
- At the same time, the land mafia occupied the lands and accumulated wealth in the surroundings of Hyderabad with political support.
- This made the land mafia more powerful and rich.
- NTR might had given permission or neglected these activities.
- Indirectly NTR supported these activities by liberalising liquor sale, permitting private educational institutions and corporate hospitals.
- With these an unholy relationship was created among contractors, land mafia, liquor mafia, film industry, corporate hospitals and corporate educational institutions.
- Media also gave lot publicity to them.
- Infact media was also part of the unholy relationship. The owner of a newspaper was called as the ‘political mentor in those days.
- Telangana politicians used to be satisfied with small contracts, land deals, liquor licenses and land encroachments.
- This unholy relation became a strong relation and there was no alternative democratic front at all.
- Dalits distanced themselves from TDP after Kaaramchedu massacre.
- Women opposed the NTR government, as there was permission for uncontrolled sale of liquor.
2. Explain the real estate condition during Telangana Movement.
Introduction:
Write briefly about the societal conditions that existed during Telangana Movement
Body:
Explain the Condition of Real Estate during Telangana Movement.
Conclusion:
- Regarding real estate during Telangana Movement, demand and supply are moving upward.
- Hyderabad is ever-developing in real estate, and demand for properties was on hike.
- Many projects contributed to real estate sector to be well-positioned during Telangana Movement.
Content:
Real Estate during Telangana Movement:
- The rulers from coastal Andhra faced problems in getting command over Hyderabad city after 1969 Telangana Movement.
- So, they encouraged the migration of Andhra people to Hyderabad.
- As part of this, they established Housing board and HUDA.
- House Building Cooperative Society was given 1338 acres by evacuating the tribal and poor people from that area in 1970s.
- The 1338 acres of land was given to the society at a very cheaper rate i.e. Rs.100 per acre.
- The same land is of crore rupees’ value now.
- The land encroachments and migration of Andhra people reached peak in NTR’s regime.
- He gave the government controlled Nizam Surfekhas lands in Hyderabad very cheaply to film industry people.
- The film industry people developed studios in some land and the remaining was sold under real estate.
- Besides this they created employment to Andhra people in the film studios and movies.
- With this there were many migrations from Andhra to Hyderabad.
- With these migrations, real estate boom started to accommodate the basic infrastructure to the people.
- The people from film industry and land mafia ventured into real estate around Hyderabad city.
- The Andhra migrants gained lot profits by selling the lands and developed as a very rich class in Hyderabad city.
- The real estate made the migrants rich and the native Telangana people had only slum areas.
- The migrants took lands for lease and dug upto 10-20 feet and developed brick industries to construct buildings in and around Hyderabad.
- The soils were dug and the lands became frail.
- The people in lost soil due to frail lands.
- Sand was transported to Hyderabad from the rivulets of Nalgonda, Mahaboobnagar, Medak etc for constructing the buildings.
- Agriculture was in crisis and drinking water problem prevailed due to lack of water as the sand was transported.
- The rivulets were drained out as a result of removal sand from them leading to drained ground water and agriculture crisis in those areas.
- Due to drought, the people of Telangana sold their cattle to the slaughter houses and houses to the real estate people.
- To provide drinking water to the migrants in Hyderabad, water from Singur and Majeera project was shifted to Hyderabad city.
- With this the farmers in Medak district committed suicides due to lack of water for cultivation.
- The land encroachments and giving away the lands at cheaper of a rates reached its high during the regime of Chandra Babu Naidu, who gave the lands for lease and sold.
- The government lands were given to Andhra capitalists under different names like Hitech city, Business school, IIIT Industrial park etc.
- The government of Chandra Babu Naidu helped the real estate people in getting profits by raising the value of the land.
- There was no end to encroachments as the Hyderabad municipality regularised the encroachments just with penalty.
- Real estate was extended to and lands were encroached in bes about 100 km radius of Hyderabad i.e. to Rangareddy, Medak, Nalgonda, Mahaboobnagar etc.
- By allotting the lands to MLAs in Jubili Hills area of Hyderabad in 1994, the government tried to bring changes in Urban Land Ceiling Act.
- Due to this new real estate, there were colonies built in about 10,000 acres of land.
- Kukatpalli Housing Board colony, the biggest in Asia was built in some thousands of acres.
- There are about only 2% people from Telangana region in Kukatpalli Housing Board colony.
- With the help of politicians, the land mafia encroached the lands in the surrounding areas of Hyderabad during 1990’s.
- This made the land mafia more powerful and rich
- NTR might have given permission or neglected these activities.
- Indirectly NTR supported these activities by liberalising liquor sale, permitting private educational institutions and corporate hospitals.
- With these an unholy relationship was created among contractors, land mafia, liquor mafia, film industry, corporate hospitals and corporate educational institutions.
- Media also gave lot of publicity to them.
- In fact media was also part of the unholy relationship. The owner of a newspaper was called as the ‘political mentor’ in those days.
- Telangana politicians used to be satisfied with small contracts, land deals, liquor licences and land encroachments.
- This unholy relation became a strong relation and there was no alternative democratic front at all.
- The NTR government encouraged the contractors by liberalising the policy of liquor sale.
- The income from liquor sale used to be 180 crore when NTR came to power.
- By 1989, the income from liquor sale reached 800 crore rupees.
- This shows how the NTR government supported the sale of liquor and liquor contractors.
- Government Arrack (Varuni – Vahini) shops were famous during NTR’s regime.
- Many movements came against these contractors in Telangana region.
- Taddy is the main drink in the regular rural Telangana life.
- This habit of the people was exploited by the government and contractors and earned lot money.
- Contractor takes the business of some villages and pays money to the government.
- The amount paid to the government was increasing annually.
- As the increase in the price affects the common people, the contractors never bothered about it.
- But this was observed and opposed by the village associations and they fought against it.
- According this, no contractor should to come to villages and the auction amount decided by the village panchayat should not be exceeded.
- Nobody except the selected contractor should participate in the auction.
- These victories people curbed the domination of feudals and exploitation of contractors.
- Contractors got benefit from constructing the government projects
- These contractors got benefitted from black marketing of goods like cement, steel etc.
- There was much loss due to low quality work.
- Teluguganga project on Srisailam Right canal was started during NTR regime.
- Many contractors were benefitted from this project.
Prelims questions of the day:
1.Which of the following party has started with the slogan “self-respect of Andhrites”?
- Telugu Desam Party
- Congress
- Communnist Paty
- Communist Party(Marxist-Leninst)
Answer: A
Explanation:
Telugu Desam Party has started with the slogan “self-respect of Andhrites”.
2.The Telugu Desam Party formed under which of the following Leader?
- Chandra babu Naidu
- Chenna Reddy
- NTR
- Anjaiah
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Telugu Desam Party formed under the leadership of NTR.
3.In which of the following year NTR has started Telugu Desam Party?
- 1985
- 1982
- 1984
- 1986
Answer: B
Explanation:
NTR has started Telugu Desam Party in 1982.
4.Which of the following Government has started indirectly support the illegal activities such as liberalizing liquor sale, permitting Private educational institutions and corporate hospitals?
- NTR Government
- Chandra Babu Government
- Y.S.Rajesekhar Government
- Anjaiah Government
Answer: A
Explanation:
NTR Government has started indirectly support the illegal activities such as liberalizing liquor sale, permitting Private educational institutions and corporate hospitals.
5.Swarajya newspaper of Madras was started in 1930 by which of the following leader?
- Suravaram Pratap Reddy
- Mutnuri Krishnarao
- Prakasham Pantulu
- Rajagopal
Answer: C
Explanation:
Swarajya newspaper of Madras was started in 1930 by Prakasham Pantulu.
6.Eandu newspaper was started by which of the following author?
- Chandrsekhar Reddy
- Ramoji Rao
- Jagadeeshprasad
- Rattaiah
Answer: B
Explanation:
Eandu newspaper was started by Ramoji Rao.
7.Andhrajyothi newspaper was started by which of the following author?
- Chandrsekhar Reddy
- Ramoji Rao
- Jagadeeshprasad
- Rattaiah
Answer: C
Explanation:
Andhrajyothi newspaper was started by Jagadeesh Prasad.
8.Komaram Bheem, tribal revolutionist was influenced by which of the following leader?
- Potti Sriramulu
- Prakasham Pantulu
- Shoyabullah khan
- Alluri Seetharama Raju
Answer: D
Explanation:
Komaram Bheem, tribal revolutionist was influenced by Alluri Seetharama Raju.
9.Which of the following author announced the slogan” Na Telangana koti Ratanala Veena”?
- Dasharathi
- Vattikota Alwar Swamy
- Prakasham Pantulu
- Allani Sridhar
Answer: A
Explanation:
Dassharathi proudly announced the slogan” Na Telangana koti Ratanala Veena”.
10.which of the following leader inspired by the library Movement and fought against Nizam?
- Dasharathi
- Vattikota Alwar Swamy
- Prakasham Pantulu
- Allani Sridhar
Answer: B
Explanation:
Vattikota Alwar Swamy was inspired by the library Movement and fought against Nizam.