22nd July 2022 | Violation of Employment and Service Rules: Origins of Telangana Agitation- Protest in Kothagudem and other places, Fast unto Death by Ravindranath; 1969 Agitation for Separate Telangana. Role of Intellectuals, Students, Employees in Jai Telangana Movement.

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Number of questions- Mains: 02, Prelims – 10

Mains Questions of the day:  

1. What are the factors that had contributed for 1969 Movement in Telangana?

Introduction:

Write briefly about social conditions that existed during that time.

Body:

Mention the reasons that had contributed for 1969 Movement in Telangana.

Conclusion:

Non-implementation of Gentlemen’s Agreement and continued discrimination to Telangana region in government jobs, education and public spending resulted in the 1969 statehood agitation.

Content:

Reasons

1) Deputy Chief Minister Post:

  • Deputy Chief Minister post should be given to Telangana if an Andhra person becomes Chief Minister. But Neelam Sanjeev Reddy did not give when he became the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.
  • It was the first violation of Gentleman’s Pact. 
  • Neelam Sanjeev Reddy, who worked as Deputy Chief Minister till the formation of AP, did not give the post to Telangana people. 
  • Damodaram Sanjeevaiah offered Deputy CM post to KV Ranga Reddy when he became CM in 1959.
  • Till 1969 Deputy CM post was not given to anybody as KV Rang Reddy lost the election in 1962. 
  • Due to the impact of 1969 agitation, pro-united states J Narsinga Rao was given Deputy CM post in 1969. 

2) Domination of Andhrites on Telangana people:

  • Andhra people used to criticise Telangana language as rough and dialect is not good. 
  • They used to insult Telangana people as uncivilised and lazy.
  • When former CM of Andhra, Prakasham Pantulu died, the funeral was done with government honours.
  • But when Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, who played pivotal role in the formation of Vishandhra, there was no government honour for his funeral.
  • When this discrimination was there in case of a former chief minister, we can imagine how it is there in the case of common people. 
  • It took 15 years for Telangana person to become chief minister.
  • This shows the level of discrimination and domination. 
  • PV Narasimha Rao, who became CM in 1971 after 15 years of formation of the state, could continue as CM only for 13 months 23 days.

3) Dissatisfaction in Engineers:

  • 10% in the state budget was reduced during indo Pak war in 1965.
  • As part of it all the temporary employees were removed from the services.
  • With this many engineers in Telangana became unemployed. 
  • The reason for this is permanent posts in Telangana were occupied by the Andhra people. 
  • So, they agitated against the Andhra people who occupied the permanent jobs and entered the movement. 

4) Dissatisfaction among other Employees:

  • Injustice was done to Telangana people in Promotions. 
  • A common seniority list was prepared by merging the seniority lists of both the regions.  
  • Telangana employees were at loss due to common seniority list.
  • It led the Telangana employees to join the agitation of 1969.
  • Forest employees of Andhra region were posted in Telangana according to Andhra Pradesh Employment Act 1957.
  • Due to this the unemployed and the Telangana Forest personnel were also ready to join the 1969 agitation.

5) Dissatisfaction among the Teachers: 

  • Due to the emergence of Panchayat Raj bodies in 1959, many schools were established in Telangana. Showing the scarcity of Maths and Science teachers. Andhra people were recruited in those positions. Later there was stagnation in recruitment after some years. 
  • When there was a protest in 1967 to fill the teacher’s jobs in the middle schools using the surplus funds, department of finance announced that there was no surplus fund at all.

6) Students:

  • The students’ organisations in Telangana were strong since beginning.
  • They played a key role in Non Mulki agitation in 1952. 
  • The govt. Increased the tuition fees in 1967. 
  • The students protested against it and were successful in it.
  • There was a rift between OU VC DS Reddy and Chief Minister Kasu Brahmanada Reddy. 
  • With that, chief minister brought an act reducing the term of VC from 5 years to 3 years.
  • So, the students of OU fought against it under the leadership of Jalpal Reddy. 
  • DS Reddy got relief order from court and continued in service. 
  • The students were successful against the chief minister. 
  • This led the students to participate in 1969 movement. 

7) Surplus Fund Issue:

  • Telangana Regional Committee in 1964 recommended the government to fill the teacher posts in the middle schools by using the surplus fund in the region. 
  • But the planning and finance departments gave a report to the government that there were no surplus funds and it is in deficit
  • But in the governor’s speech he mentioned that there were 30.54 crore surplus funds for the period 1961-66.
  • The only project in Telangana i.e.Pochampadu Project was stopped on the pretext of lack of funds.
  • So, the people were ready to fight as the government diverted the surplus funds of Telangana to Andhra region.

8) Court Verdict on Chenna Reddy Election: 

  • Chenna Reddy won 1967 Assembly election over Vandemataram Ramachandra Rao.
  • Ramachandra Rao filed a petition in High Court saying that Chenna reddy followed illegal means to win the election. 
  • On 26th April 1968 High Court gave a verdict against Chenna reddy barring him from election for 6 years.
  • His petition for stay order was rejected by High Court.
  • Even Supreme Court rejected his petition with which he had become a political unemployed. 
  • So, 1969 agitation was a wonderful opportunity for him.

2. Explain the beginning of 1969 Agitation in Telangana.

Introduction:

Write briefly about socio-political condition existed during the 1969 era.

Body:

Write briefly about the beginning of 1969 Agitation in Telangana.

Conclusion:

  • Social tensions arose due to influx of people from the Coastal Andhra region. 
  • Protests started with the hunger strike of a student from Khammam district for the non- implementation of safe-guards promised during the creation of Andhra Pradesh. 
  • The movement slowly manifested into a demand for a separate Telangana.

Content:

Kothagudem Protest: 

  • AP government issued an order in 1968 April that the posts should be kept vacant if there are no eligible candidates in Telangana region. 
  • It also decided to send the non Mulkis in three months and those positions will be filled by the Mulkis.
  • So, the same thing was applied in Kothagudem Power Plant and non mulkis were removed. 
  • The removed non mulkis approached the High Court. 
  • Justice Kuppuswamy on 3rd January 1969 gave a verdict that AP Electricity Board is autonomous body and does not come under Public Employment Act. 
  • So, the government of AP approached the division bench of High Court which supported the verdict of Justice Kuppuswamy. 
  • The employees have protested against it on 5th January 1969. 
  • They fought for removing the non Mulki employees before 10th January. 
  • They decided to go for hunger strike from 10th January.
  • As part of this Krishna, a leader of daily wage employees started hunger strike on 10th January

Hunger strike of Ravindranath:

  • With the encouragement of Kolishetti Ramadasu and Sudhakar Raju, Ravindranath, a student started hunger strike 
  • A huge procession was organised through the streets of Khammam on 8th January 1969. 
  • He started his strike on 8th January 1969 at Gandhi Chouk in Khammam. 
  • Kavi Rajamurthy, the vice president of Khammam municipality participated in the strike on the first day.
  • MLA of Wardhannapet, Purushothama Rao also participated in the strike in solidarity to him.
  • A harthal in support to his strike was conducted on 8 January in Warangal.
  • On 12th January, MLA Satyanarayana started a three-day strike at his home in Yellandu in support of Ravindranath and for the implementation of Safeguards given to Telangana region. 

Prelims questions of the day:

1.Intellectuals of Hyderabad started Telangana safeguards committee on which of the following date?

  1. 13 January 1969
  2. 15 January 1969
  3. 14 January 1969 
  4. 16 January 1969

Answer: A

Explanation:

Intellectuals of Hyderabad started Telangana safeguards committee on 13 January 1969

2.In which of the following year Telangana Regional Committee was abolished?

  1. 1969
  2. 1974
  3. 1968
  4. 1989

Answer: B

Explanation:

  • The Telangana Regional Committee was abolished in 1974 after the acceptance of the Six-Point formula. 
  • The Gentlemen’s agreement of Andhra Pradesh was signed between Telangana and Andhra leaders before the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh of India

3. Who among the following was the Chairman of Telangana safeguards committee formed on 13 January 1969?

  1. Katam Lakshmi Naryana 
  2. E.V.Padmanabhan
  3. Madhava Rao
  4. KV.Ranga Reddy

Answer: A

Explanation:

Katam Lakshmi Naryana was the Chairman of Telangana safeguards committee formed on 13 January 1969

4.Who among the following was the socialist party member present in Telangana safeguards committee?

  1. KV.Ranga Reddy
  2. N.Madhav Rao
  3. Jaffar Hussain 
  4. Mahadeva Singh

Answer: D

Explanation:

Mahadeva Singh and was the socialist party member present in Telangana safeguards committee

 5. Who among the following was the Majlis party member in Telangana safeguards committee?

  1. Salawuddin
  2. Akbar khan
  3. Mahadeva Singh
  4. Jaffar Hussain 

Answer: A

Explanation:

Salawuddin was the Majlis party member in Telangana safeguards committee

6. Telangana liberation association was formed in Warangal on which of the following date?

  1. 29 January 1969
  2. 28 January 1969
  3. 10 January 1969 
  4. 11 January 1969

Answer: B

Explanation:

Telangana liberation association was formed in Warangal on 28 January 1969

7. Who presided over the Telangana liberation Association on 28 January 1969 in Warangal?

  1. Kaloji
  2. Raghuveer singh
  3. Mahadev Singh 
  4. Jaffar Hussain 

Answer: A

Explanation:

Kaloji presided over the Telangana liberation Association on 28 January 1969 in Warangal

8. Telangana Praja Samiti was established on which of the following date?

  1. 25 March 1969
  2. 27 March 1969
  3. 25 April 1969
  4. 2 April 1969

Answer: A

Explanation:

  • Telangana Praja Samiti was established on 25 March 1969
  • Chenna Reddy, founded the Telangana Praja Samithi (TPS) political party in 1969 to spearhead the statehood movement. 
  • Mrs. Indira Gandhi had called snap parliamentary elections in March 1971. 
  • In these parliamentary elections, Telangana Praja Samithi won 10 out the 14 Parliament seats in Telangana.

9. Who presided over the Osmania University professors meeting held on 20 May 1969?

  1. Munjar Alam
  2. Akbaruddin
  3. Nasser
  4. Chenna Reddy

Answer: A

Explanation:

Munjar Alam presided over the Osmania University professors meeting held on 20 May 1969

10. Who among the following presented a research paper named ‘Dr. K.L.Rao Nagarjun Sagar’ in the meeting held on 20 May 1969? 

  1. Chenna Reddy
  2. Sreedhara Swami
  3. Jayashankar 
  4. None of them

Answer: C

Explanation:

  • Jayashankar presented a research paper named ‘Dr. K.L.Rao Nagarjun Sagar’ in the meeting held on 20 May 1969
  • Kothapalli Jayashankar, was an academic and social activist. 
  • He was a leading ideologue of the Telangana Movement. 
  • He fought for a separate state beginning in 1952. 
  • He often stated that unequal distribution of river water was the root cause of the sepearte Telanagana movement. 
  • He was the former Vice-Chancellor of Kakatiya University and an activist in the Separate Telangana Movement.

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