Syllabus- Geographical extent of Hyderabad State and present Telangana State Physical setting, Relief, Climate, Rivers, Soils, Forest cover and Wild life– distribution, depletion and conservation.
Number of questions- Mains: 02, Prelims – 10
Mains Questions of the day-
1.Explain the Physiography of Telangana.
Introduction: –
Write briefly about the boundaries of Telangana.
Body: –
Write in detail about physiography of Telangana.
Conclusion: –
Physiography impacts the availability of minerals and rainfall pattern of the state.
Content: –
Physiographically, Telangana state lies in a plateau region of Peninsular India. Generally, it is known as Telangana plateau, a part of Deccan plateau.
The surface landscape of Telangana is oriented from West to East and having rugged terrain at different elevations
Based on this Surface elevation the physiography has been divided into 3 regions.
Based on geological structure and surface relief features the physiography has been divided into 3 units such as: Telangana plateau, Godavari basin and Krishna piedmont
Based on geological structure and surface relief features of the Telangana landscape has been divided into 3 physiography units such as:
- Telangana plateau
- Godavari basin
- Krishna piedmont
Telangana plateau: –
- It is largest physiographic unit of Telangana. Bascially made up of with Achaean Gnesis.
- It is nearly fully eroded peneplains is marked by undulations, almost completely graded valleys and monadnocks that range from hill groups to tors and arrangements of massive boulders.
- The plateau drained by Godavari river taking a southeasterly course by Krishna river, which divided the peneplain into two regions.
- This plateau spreads in Adilabad, Nizamabad, Nalgonda, Medak and Hyderabad regions
- Average heights of this plateau region lies between 500 to 600mts above mean sea level. This region surrounded by:
- Western Ghats or Sahyadri hills on north and north western boundary and
- Eastern Ghats on south east border in various forms.
- Highest elevated area in Western Ghats in Telangana region Mahabubnagar in Nirmal hills.
- Highest elevated are in Telangana state –Dholi hillocks at present it is located in the borders of Bhupalapally district of Telangana and Chhattisgarh
- The Eastern Ghats bordered has northeast and southeast boundary along with the district of Nalgonda, suryapeta, waanpally, nagarkurnool, mahabubnagar, jogulamba, gadwall, vikrabad, Khammam, kothaguden district
- This region basically made-up of with quartz and igneous rocks
- Bison gorge located in Bhadradri Kothagudem district was formed due to the erosional activity of river Godavari which is flowing by pearcing through Papi hills in Eastern Ghats
Godavari basin:
- This basin mainly occupied Godwana trough known for its mineral wealth
- This basin lies in Nizamabad, Adilabad, Jagital, Mancherial, Peddapally, j.Bhupalapelly, Kothagudem, Komaram bheem, Asifbabad, Mulugu and Nirmal district.
- This basin is geologically characterised by carboniferous rocks and Achaean Gnessis
- The river Godavari is the main river flowing in the south east direction.
- This region is affected by floods during rainy season.
- The Godavari basin mainly made-up of with Godavari rock system. In this rocks coal is the important mineral available.
Krishna piedmont: –
- It is an exclusive characteristics feature of Nalgonda and Mahabubnagar district is the smallest region of the state of Telangana.
- The river Krishna flows along the southern border of the district
- The river Dindi joins the Krishna river flows on the southern margins
- This area has an undulating terrain, geologically this area is characterised by Archaean rocks and Precambrian rocks and soils of this region are suitable for cultivation.
- This region is basically an exposed rock cut structure.
2. Briefly explain the climate of the Telangana mentioning the seasonal variations.
Introduction: –
Write briefly about the factors that influence the climate of a region.
Body: –
Explain the different climatic features and the seasons of Telangana Climate.
Conclusion: –
Climatic features impact the types of agricultural crops and forests in the state.
Content: –
- The climate of Telangana is described as tropical monsoonal climate which is almost similar to the climate of India
- Telangana is a semi-arid climate and has a predominantly hot and dry climate. It will be compared with that of tropical savanna climate
- Summer start in march and peak in May with average high temperature in the 42c range the monsoon arrives in June and lasts until September with about 755mm of precipitation
- The highest average annual temperature of the Telangana state is 31.5c whereas the lowest average annual temperature is 15c
- Based on temperature and rainfall distribution the seasons of state has been divided in to 4 such as:
- Winter (December to February)
- Summer (March to May)
- South west monsoon or Rainy season (June to September)
- Retreating south west monsoon period or north east monsoonal season (October to December)
Winter (December to February): –
- Lowest temperature recorded in the state during the month of December
- In winter tropical continental air passes through form Deccan plateau reaches to southern part of Bay of Bengal they convert as tropical maritime winds
- The weather in this season is characterized by feeble high pressure conditions over the entire region of Telangana as it is being far away from the moderating influence of sea therefore experience continental climate
- This season has been charactersised by cold and dry conditions
- In south, secondly, due to anti-cyclonic circulation on land, the possibility of rainfall from them reduces.so, most parts of Telangana do not have rainfall in the winter season. However, there are some exceptions to it Achampet of Nagarkurnool, Madhira and Badrachalam od Badradri and Nalgonda districts experiences a moderate rainfall in this region.
Summer or hot weather season: –
- During the season intensive convectional activity takes place due to the high temperatures as a result conventional rainfall takes place characterized by lightening, Hailstorm, Thunderstorm, with heavy down pour with in less time.
- This season has been characterized by hot and dry conditions
- During the month of May, the highest temperatures are recorded in the state.
The south west monsoon or rainy season:
- 80% of the annual rainfall in the state had occurs during this region.
- South west monsoon normally enter into the state on 2nd week of the June and occupy the entire state by the end of this month
- This season has been characterized by hot and humid conditions.
- During the season highest rainfall receives by the districts of Adilabad and Komarambheem, Asifabad district.
- During the season lowest rainfall receives by the districts of Nalgonda, Suryapeta and Jogulamba Gadwal.
North-east monsoon season: –
- Telangana region receives only one-fifth of the total rainfall is board by northeast monsoon.
- This season has characterized by low pressure systems and tropical cyclones form the Bay of Bengal and brings rains to the Achampeta of Nagarkurnool, Madhira and Badrachalam of Bhadradri kothgudem and Nalgonda Districts.
- During this season highest rainfall receives by the district of Nalgonda, Suryapeta, Khammam.
- During this season lowest rainfall receives by the districts of Adilabad, Nirmal, Komarambheeem Asiafbad.
Prelims Questions of the day: –
1.The climate of Telangana can be compared with which of the following global climate region?
- Steppe climate
- Savanna climate
- Mediterranean
- Tropical desert climate
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Telangana is a semi-arid area and has a predominantly hot and dry climate. It will be compared with that of tropical savanna climate.
- Summers start in March, and peak in May with average high temperatures in the 42 °C (108 °F) range.
- The monsoon arrives in June and lasts until September with about 755 mm (29.7 inches) of precipitation.
- A dry, mild winter starts in late November and lasts until early February with little humidity and average temperatures in the 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) range.
2.What is the average annual amount of rainfall in Telangana?
- 900mm
- 966mm
- 906mm
- 960mm
Answer: C
Explanation:
- According to Telangana State Development Planning Society (TSDPS), the period from June to September is referred as Southwest Monsoon.
- The Normal annual rainfall of the State is about 906 mm and about 80 per cent i.e., 720.5 mm of annual rainfall is received from Southwest monsoon.
3. Which district receives highest amount of rainfall in the Telangana state?
- Adilabad
- Karimnagar
- Nirmal
- Nizamabad
Answer: A
Explanation:
- Out of the 33 districts, 15 recorded large excess rainfall, 13 received excess and the remaining witnessed normal rainfall.
- Among all districts, Adilabad recorded the highest rainfall of 573 mm and Nagarkurnool had the lowest, at 220 mm.
4.Which of the following month records highest temperature in the Telangana state?
- June
- May
- July
- April
Answer: B
Explanation:
The hottest month of the year in Telangana is May, with an average high of 101°F and low of 81°F
5.Which of the following soil in Telangana extends in larger percentage?
- Red soil
- Black soil
- Laterite soil
- Alluvial soil
Answer: A
Explanation:
- Red soils are predominant accounting for 48% of the total area.
- Other soil types in the State are black cotton soils, alluvial, and laterite soil.
6.In which of the following district Black soil extension is very high?
- Karimnagar
- Nizamabad
- Adilabad
- Khammam
Answer: B
Explanation:
- The black color is due to iron, manganese oxides.
- Water holding capacity of these soils is high.
- You can found most of the parts in Adilabad, Rangareddy, Nizamabad districts.
- Mostly found in Nizamabad district.
7.Which of the following soils is the best suited for cultivation of cotton?
- Red soils
- Black soils
- Laterite soils
- Alluvial soils
Answer: B
Explanation:
Black soils are most suitable for the cotton crop; hence it is also known as black cotton soil.
8.Which of the following soils have the highest moisture retention capacity?
- Red soils
- Black soils
- Laterite soils
- Alluvial soils
Answer: B
Explanation:
- The black soils also have high moisture holding capacity (150-250 mm/m).
- Black soils are extremely sticky when wet and extremely hard when dry.
9.Which of the following is not a tributary of river Krishna?
- Bhīma
- Tungabhadra
- Sabari
- Munneru
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Left bank tributaries of Krishna: – Bhima, Dindi, Peddavagu, Musi, Paleru, Munneru
- Right bank tributaries of Krishna: – Kudali (Niranjna) Venna, Koyna, Panchganga, Dudhaganga, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, Tungabhadra
10. Which River is also known as Dakshina ganga?
- Krishna
- Cauvery
- Godavari
- Mahanadi
Answer: C
Explanation:
- The Godavari River is known as ‘Dakshina Ganga’ i.e. “River Ganga of South India”. River Godavari is the largest river of the south India.
- The source of this river is Triumbkeshvar, Maharashtra.