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Syllabus- MajlisIttehadul- Muslimeen Party, Rajakars and Kasim Razvi – Police Action and the End of Nizam’s Rule – Integration of Hyderabad State into Indian Union.
Number of questions- Mains: 02, Prelims – 10
Mains Questions of the day:
1.Explain how a muslim organisation, Majlis-e-Ittehad-ul Muslimeen supported the idea of Muslim domination rather than integration with India?
Introduction:
Write briefly about establishment of Majlis-e-Ittehad-ul Muslimeen organization in Deccan.
Body:
Mention how a Muslim political organisation changed into a powerful political and military organisation.
Conclusion:
- Initially, its main aim was to promote the social, economic, and educational development of Muslim population.
- Due to series of events in Hyderabad, made it as a powerful political and military organisation in Telangana.
Content:
Ittehadul Muslimeen:
- As a result of Khilafat Movement, the unity among Hindus and Muslims increased all over India including in the Nizam Kingdom and also creating awareness among the Muslims.
- After the ban on a muslim organisation (Anjuman Tabli-Gulislam) by Nizam Government for converting poor and low class people into Islam, the intellectuals and people in higher classes had started an organisation (‘Majlis ittehadul Muslimeen’) under the leadership of Safdarjung.
- The main motto of this non-political organisation was to improve the social, financial and cultural aspects of Muslims and to increase their power in Telangana region.
- This organisation worked for protecting Islam uniting Muslims and helping them financially and morally.
- The cultural and political changes which took place in Hyderabad in 1930 impacted on this organisation as a result, the organization changed into a political party.
- They started converting the backward caste Hindus into Islam in order to strengthen Muslim
- They provided weapons to Muslims and gave weapon training to them.
- Arya Samaj started Shuddhi Movement to convert these people back into Hinduism, this resulted in clashes between Hindus and Muslims which broke the first fight between these two religions.
- Mandumula Narsinga Rao took initiative to solve this problem by meeting Bahdur yar Jung.
- The people of Telangana started revolting against the Nizam rule, and increase the number of unofficial members in the Legislative Council, this led to rise of insecurity among Muslims.
- In meanwhile Bahadur Yar Jung became the president of majlis organisation and started influencing Muslims, protection of Muslims and gaining political power as his main motives.
- He started opposing movements and organistions which were started by Hindus.
- He transformed majlis completely into a Political Party.
- He started ‘Anal Malik’ Movement, increasing the religious feelings in Muslims and motivated them, to convert Hyderabad into an Islamic State.
- Somebody had suggested that this organisation should have volunteers which lead to the birth of Razakars.
- Every 30 members has a leader called as sadar maintained in every district.
- Bahadur Yar Jung maintained relations with the National Muslim league to increase the domination of Muslims.
- In this way under the leadership of Bahadur Yar Jung, Majlis became a Political organisation and became Militant power.
- After the death of Bahadur yar jung, Qasim Razvi become the leader of this organisation and under his leadership Majlis became a semi-militant organisation.
- Rajakars became armed guards during this period and working for the betterment and greatness of Muslims.
- During 1946-1948 period, Razakars helped Nizam in fighting against communist organization
- By 1947 the number of Razakar increased by 50,000.
- In order to increase their number, they started training camps and recruited students.
- Nizam also encouraged this organisation so they could support him.
- During 1947-48, the members of this organisation started robbing, looting villages, raping the women and killing the people who opposed them.
- Shoyaballah Khan who was the publisher of urdu newspaper was killed by them as he was writing news about their atrocities.
- As the result of operation polo, Razakars took into custody and arrested Razvi making the organisation defunct for a while.
2. Comment on the various events in the Integration of Hyderabad State into Indian Union.
Introduction:
Write briefly about the status of Hyderabad state after India’s independence.
Body:
Explain the Integration of Hyderabad State into Indian Union by the police action which was called as “operation polo”.
Conclusion:
- The Nizam had refused to accede to India after the country’s independence.
- But, Razakars murdered, raped and looted particularly the non-Muslims.
- Therefore, Central Government ordered the army to tackle the situation.
- In 1948, India launched “operation Polo” to contain Razak’s atrocities and overthrew the Nizam, and annexing the Hyderabad state.
- Thus princely state finally merged with the Indian Union.
- After a period of military Government, a provisional civil Government had been established in Hyderabad.
Content:
Integration of Hyderabad State into Indian Union
- The activities of Razakars and the atrocities of the Nizam’s police were increasing day by day.
- This made the Hyderabad State Congress to raise the slogan of responsible government and integration of Hyderabad State into Indian Union.
- The Resolution of State Congress favoured join India struggle.
- The leaders like Ramananda Theertha and Burgula Ramakrishna Rao offered Satyagraha and arrested during Join India Movement.
- However, the Nizam declared his Independence.
- Despite the opposition from the Nizam, Ramananda Theertha hoisted the National Flag.
- He was supported by the people of Hyderabad.
- Within a short period, the Join India Movement became a mass movement.
- Hence the Nizam encouraged the Razakars to create disturbance in the State.
- This ultimately resulted in the Police Action in 1948.
- Thus, the Join India Movement proved to be a successful Movement.
Police Action:
- In 1948, the Nehru’s Government had decided to resort to Police Action.
- Subsequently, the Home Minister send an Indian Army to Hyderabad.
- The military action was called as “Operation Polo”.
- The Indian army entered into Hyderabad in 1948.
- There was some resistance from the Nizam and the Razakars.
- Within a short period, Nizam’s forces surrendered to the Government.
- Henceforth, Hyderabad became part of the Indian Union.
- Subsequently, establishment of military Government in Hyderabad had happened.
- In 1949, the military Government was replaced by a Civil Government.
Prelims questions of the day:
1.Which of the following party, main aim was to promote the social, economic, and educational development of Indian Muslims during Nizam era?
- Communist party
- Hyderabad state congress
- Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
- Both A and C
Answer: C
Explanation:
- The All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen is an Indian political party based primarily in the city of Hyderabad.
- Its main aim was to promote the social, economic, and educational development of Indian Muslims.
2.Who among the following was elected as the president of Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen party in 1938?
- Ulma-e-Mashaeqeen
- Nawab Mahmood Nawaz Khan Qiledar
- Bahadur Yar Jung
- Qasim Rizvi
Answer: C
Explanation:
- MIM was founded and shaped by Nawab Mahmood Nawaz Khan Qiledar of Hyderabad State in the presence of Ulma-e-Mashaeqeen in 1927 as a pro-Nizam party
- The MIM shunned integration with India and instead, advocated to set up “Muslim dominion” in India.
- In 1938, Bahadur Yar Jung was elected president of the MIM which had a cultural and religious manifesto.
3.Who among the following was referred to as Salar E Millat?
- Qasim Rizvi
- Abdul Wahed Owaisi
- Sultan Salahuddin Owaissi
- Mahmood Nawaz Khan Qiledar
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Abdul Wahed Owaisi organised Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM) into the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen. Under his leadership, the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen shifted from a hardline policy of independence to a pragmatic direction.
- After Abdul Wahed Owaisi, his son Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi took control of All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen in 1975 and was referred to as Salar E Millat (commander of the community).
4.Who among the following started the “Join India movement” in Hyderabad?
- S.V. Kanagasabai Pillai
- Swami Ramananda Tirtha
- Madapati Hanumantha
- S.R. Ranganathan
Answer:B
Explanation:
- Swami Ramananda Tirtha was the leader of Join India Movement.
- The movement was started by Hyderabad State Congress.
- The Hyderabad State Congress began actively campaigning for the state of Hyderabad to join the Union of India upon independence, which the Nizam was resisting.
- The State Congress called for 7 August 1947 to be observed as “Join Indian Union” Day.
5.Who among the following have founded the Razakars?
- Qasim Razvi
- Bahadur Yar Jung
- Osman Ali Khan
- Both A and B
Answer: B
Explanation:
- The Razakars were the para-military volunteer force of the Muslim nationalist Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM) party in Hyderabad State.
- Formed in 1938 by the MIM leader Bahadur Yar Jung, they expanded considerably during the leadership of Qasim Razvi around the time of Indian independence.
6.Consider the following statements
- Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM) was renamed as All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen in the year 1956.
- All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen was founded by Nawab Mahmood Nawaz Khan.
Which of the above statements is incorrect?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM) was founded by Nawab Mahmood Nawaz Khan.
- Later, MIM was rechartered as All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen in 1958.
- It was founded by Abdul Wahed Owaisi.
7.Who among the following established the Hyderabad State Congress?
- P. M. Bapat
- Chenna Reddy
- Swami Ramananda Tirth
- Venkata Reddy
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Hyderabad State Congress was established by Swami Ramananda Tirth.
- He was an Indian freedom fighter, educator and social activist who led the Hyderabad liberation struggle during the reign of Osman Ali Khan, the last Nizam of Hyderabad State.
8.Who among the following is not a member of Pandit Sunderlal Committee?
- Kazi Abdul Ghaffar
- Maulana Abdulla Misri
- Farrouk Sayer Shakeri
- El Edroos
Answer: D
Explanation:
- The Pandit Sunderlal Committee that was commissioned by Jawaharlal Nehru, in his “personal capacity”
- It contains Pandit Sunderlal, Kazi Abdul Ghaffar, Maulana Abdulla Misri, and Farrouk Sayer Shakeri in order to “study existing conditions in Hyderabad after the “operation polo” and suggest some recommendations in order to establish the communal harmony in Hyderabad.”
9.Which of the following Government was established in Hyderabad state after the “operation polo”?
- Communist Government
- Nizam Government
- Military Government
- Civilian Government
Answer: C
Explanation:
- In 1948, India launched “operation Polo” to contain Razak’s atrocities and overthrew the Nizam, and annexing the Hyderabad state.
- Thus princely state finally merged with the Indian Union.
- After a period of military Government, a provisional civil Government had been established in Hyderabad.
10.Who among the following General led the Hyderabad Army during “operation polo”?
- Major General KP Candeth
- General Amardeep Singh
- General Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri
- General El Edroos
Answer: D
Explanation:
- Operation Polo was led by home minister Sardar Vallabhai Patel and Major J.N. Chaudhary.
- The Indian military detained thousands of people during the operation, including Razakars, Hindu militants, and communists.
- General Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri led an armored column into Hyderabad at around 4 p.m. on 18 September and the Hyderabad army, led by Major General El Edroos.