Syllabus- Socio-Cultural Awaking in Telangana- Andhra Sarasvath Parishat – Literary and Library Movements; Establishment of Nizam Rashtra Andhra Jana Sangham – Andhra Mahasabha
Number of questions- Mains: 02, Prelims – 10
Mains Questions of the day
1.Explain the role of newspapers in socio-cultural and political awareness among the people during Nizam’s rule.
Introduction:
Write briefly about importance of newspapers in creating awareness among the people of Telangana during Nizam’s rule.
Body:
Mention the role of newspaper in socio-cultural and political awareness.
Conclusion:
- Newspapers played a prominent role in shaping Telangana by creating social, cultural and political awareness in people and by active participation in social movements.
- Even after facing many difficulties from Nizam Government, around sixty newspapers were published in Hyderabad which increased:
- the patriotism among the people
- create awareness against social atrocities and Nizam Government.
Content:
Role of News Papers in Social, Cultural a Political Awareness: –
- Even though there was no freedom of speech during Nizam period, Newspapers played a key role in educating the people of Telangana.
- Strict rules were imposed on newspapers during the Nizam period.
- The journalists had to go through a protocol in order to publish a paper.
- First they should appeal to the Police Commissioner then it was forwarded to Broad Casting Unit.
- They have to give bond to Government, where it will be made sure that the paper is not publishing anything related to politics and religion.
- Journalists used to go through many hurdles to published papers to educate the people.
- The Newspapers and Journalism were developed in the middle of 19th century.
- Some newspapers concentrated on educating muslims and eradication of ‘Purdah’System.
- Some newspapers were also published articles related to the development of agriculture and farming.
- The ‘Hitabodha’ newspaper used to publish articles related to culture, Social, financial, Medical and agricultural topics.
- Some newspaper used to question the policies of Government.
- Some English newspapers worked for the upliftment of lower caste people.
- Some newspapers were published articles related to the religious devotions.
- Some were questioning the dictatorship and atrocities of Nizam Government.
- Some used to publish articles related to Andhra Jana Sabha, political, Social and Cultural aspects.
- This paper also helped in educating people of rural areas and encouraged female writers.
- Even though there was no freedom of speech, some newspapers were published the articles against the Government and questioned the wrong doings of Nizam Government.
- Despite of facing many problems from the Nizam Government, the Golconda paper played a key role in promoting Library Movement and to create political cultural awareness among the people.
- Some were used to support Nizam Government, while some were related to the atrocities of Nizam Government and Razakars.
- Some newspapers played a key role in women empowerment.
- Some urdu papers published the important articles related to the economic, political and social aspects in Hyderabad.
- This paper questioned the religious organisations which created differences and helped in increasing patriotism and unity among the people.
- Some newspapers gave importance to the societal problems such as untouchability and alcohol ban.
- They played a key role in upliftment of the backward class people by educating them.
- Some papers gave importance to cultural and literacy aspects and published novels every day.
- The telugu Newspaper supported Communists and their way of thinking, while english and urdu newspapers supported Nizam and Majlis Muslim league.
- A monthly paper published information related to the students.
- Rachamalla satyavathi Devi started a newspaper and published articles related to women empowerment and discussed the problems they had and helped in educating them.
2. Despite of facing many problems during the Nizam Government, the Golconda paper played a key role in promoting Library Movement and to create political cultural awareness among the people. Discuss the importance of Library movement.
Introduction:
Write briefly about Library movement.
Body:
Explain importance of Library movement in Telangana.
Conclusion:
- Libraries are the treasure of knowledge.
- Establishment of numerous libraries lead to increase in number of Readers.
- This Movement spread all over Telangana.
- The knowledge and the grip on the language increased with this Movement.
- This Movement leads numerous Movements.
- It helps to know the culture, heritage and glory of Telangana and the accessibility of books.
Content:
Library Movement
- During 19th century, as a result of social reforms of Salajung1 started a new education system which lead to the creation of intellectual groups.
- This group started the Library Movement.
- This movement is considered as the first Social Movement in Telangana.
- Numerous Libraries were started in Hyderabad, which played a key role in increasing:
- the literacy and
- knowledge of common people.
- Libraries are considered as knowledge centers.
- Nizam Government and Government officials did not encourage the establishment of libraries, in return they used to imprison the people who started Libraries.
- Hyderabad province considered as only place in India where people were imprisoned for starting Libraries.
- Even after facing so many problems and restrictions from the Government the libraries helped in shaping the future of Telangana.
- The first library in Telangana was established by Somasundara Mudaliayar in Secuderabad.
- The Asafia State Central Library was started in the beginning this Library had books of Arabic, Persian, Urdu, English and Sanskrit Languages, but with the help of Andhra Maha Sabha Telugu, Kannada, Marathi and Hindi books became available.
- Komarraju Lakshman Rao, the founding father of Library Movement established ‘Sri Krishna Devarayandhra Bhasha Nilayam’
- It gave encouragement for Library Movement and helped in rebuilding the culture of Telangana.
- In order to develop modern education in Telangana, an organisation was established called ‘Vignana Chandrika Mandali’ as a part of Library Movement:
- They encouraged many writers by conducting story writing contests and
- Helped in the spread of knowledge by publishing, History, Literature, Science and other books in Telugu.
- Few enthusiastic people from villages and towns started Libraries with their own money to serve the people.
- A numerous libraries established in 1923 throughout Telangana.
- Andhra Jana Seva Sangham’ played a crucial role in Library Movement because of this sangham numerous Schools, Newspapers, Libraries were started.
- Some group of friends secretly started a library, this became a platform for Political, Philosophical Literary and leftist discussions.
Prelims questions of the day:
1.Who among the following considered as Father of library movement in Hyderabad state during Nizam’s Rule?
- Suravaram prathapa Reddy
- kommarajju Laxman Rao
- Adhiraju veera bhadra rao
- Vishwanatha Sastri
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Komarraju Lakshmana Rao was considered as father of the Library Movement.
- He worked as Diwan in the estate of Munagala zamindar.
- In 1901, Komarraaju Lakshmana Rao established Sree krishnadevaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam with the support of Munagala Sri Nayani Venkataranga Rao and Raavichettu Ranga Rao in Hyderabad. This library was set up in Sri Ravichettu Ranga Rao’s house.
2.In which of the following city ‘Raja Raja Narendra Bhasha nilayam’ was established?
- Secunderabad
- Hyderabad
- Hanmakonda
- Warangal
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Raja raja Narendra Andhra Bhasha Nilayam in Hanumakonda city (Warangal) of Telangana, established somewhere around 1904.
- This Library witnessed many literary, cultural events apart from freedom movements.
- It is the second one among the series of Libraries established in Telangana as part of “Library movement” which is in turn a part of wider Linguistic and cultural renaissance movement called “Andhrodyamam” (Movement of Andhra) under the aegis of Andhra jana sangham and Andhra Maha sabha during early 20th century in Telangana.
- The First one was “Sri Krishna Deva Raya Andhra Bhashaa Nilayam” established in Koti area of Hyderabad.
3.Who among the following wrote the ‘Andhrula Sanghika Charithra’?
- Suravaram Prathapa Reddy
- Perala Subbarao
- Kattamanchi Ramalinga Reddy
- Kuruganti sitha Ramayya
Answer: A
Explanation:
- On 20th November 1914, Suravaram Pratapa Reddy started a Literary Organization called Vignana Vardhini Parishad
- Suravaram Pratapa Reddy wrote Telangana-Anshrual Kartavyam and ‘Andhrula Sanghika Charithra
4. Who among the following started a branch of Arya Samaj in 1892 at Hyderabad?
- Damodara Satyalekar
- Swami Nithyanand
- Bhagya Reddy
- Suravaram Pratapa Reddy
Answer: B
Explanation:
- A branch of Arya Samaj was started in 1892 at Hyderabad by Swami Nithyanand with Kamal Pershad, president and Lakshman Desji, secretary.
- Kesava Rao Koratkar, Vaman Rao Nayak, Damodara Satyalekar and others joined as members of Arya Samaj
- The leader of Arya Samaj Shraddhanand was murdered by Khaja Hasan Nizam for taking up this process of Shuddhi in Hyderabad state.
- Nizam government expelled Balakrishna Sarma and Nithyanand for taking up Shuddhi programs in the Nizam state in 1894.
- Nizam banned the publication of Vaidika Adarsh, a journal published by Arya Samaj in Hyderabad state.
5.In which of the following year “Vighna chandrika Mandali” started?
- 1905
- 1902
- 1906
- 1912
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Lakshmanarao Komarraju was instrumental in establishing “vijnana chandrika mandali” in Hyderabad in 1905, with the main purpose of publishing texts on history and science in Telugu language.
- However, because of Nizam’s restrictions, this institution was moved to Chennai.
- This institute published various books in Telugu on history, chemistry, zoology, physics, mathematics, geography, economics, political science etc. under his guidance.
6. In which of the following year “Andhra Mahasabha” was formed?
- 1913
- 1923
- 1930
- 1921
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Andhra Mahasabha was established in November 1921.
- Its main aim was to forefront people’s awareness and people’s movements among the Telugu-speaking residents of the state.
- Madapati Hanumantha Rao was the founder member of the Andhra Mahasabha and he was called as Andhra pita maha.
7.Who among the following founded the “Andhra Jana sangham”?
- Madapati Hanumantha Rao
- Raja Bahadur venkataramareddy
- Suravaram Prathapa Reddy
- V.D.Savarkars
Answer: A
Explanation:
- The Andhra Jana Sangham was founded in 1924 by Madapati Hanumanta Rao and others to create libraries and reading rooms to encourage students and academics, collect Telugu manuscripts, and promote Telugu literature.
- In addition, they established approximately 4,000 schools.
8.In which of the following meeting there was a split in Andra Mahasabha began?
- 12th Andramaha sabha
- 13th Andramaha sabha
- 11th Andra Mahasabha
- 10th Andra Mahasabha
Answer: C
Explanation:
- By the year 1938, strong leanings towards Communism began to appear among some members of the group.
- The split in the group began to appear between nationalist persons like M. Ramachandra Rao and Ravi Narayan Reddy, the Communist leader.
- The 11th and 12th annual conferences of the Sabha were held at Bhuvanagiri and Khammam under the Presidency of Narayana Reddy alone.
- The Andhra Communist leaders including Chandra Rajeshwara Rao participated in the
conference which was attended by more than ten thousand people. - K.V. Ranga Reddy and M. Ramachandra Rao denounced the session as a Communist Party meeting and organized a rival Sabha called the Nationalist Andhra Maha Sabha.
- This Sabha held two sessions in 1945 and 1946 and then decided to merge itself with its counter parts – the Maharashtra Parishad and the Mysore Parishad in the Hyderabad State Congress.
- The Sabha under the Communists held its 12th session at Khammam 1945 and more than 40,000 attended the conference.
- On 3rd December 1946, the Communist Party was banned and naturally the activities of the Andhra Maha Sabha also came to a halt.
9.Who among the following was founded the “Andhra Mahila Sabha”?
- Anantha laxmi Devi
- Rangamma obulareddy
- Satyavati
- Durgabai Deshmukh
Answer: D
Explanation:
- Durgabai Deshmukh founded the Andhra Mahila Sabha (Andhra Women’s Conference) in 1937.
- She was an Indian freedom fighter.
- She was an activist who worked for the emancipation of women’s rights.
10.Who among the following was known as Hyderabad’s Ambedkar?
- Madapati Hanumantha Rao
- Venkataramareddy
- Bhagya Reddy Varma
- Suravaram Prathapa Reddy
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Bhagya Reddy Varma (22 May 1888 – 18 Feb 1939) was an Indian political leader, social reformer and activist.
- He fought against untouchability in Hyderabad State.