Syllabus- Urbanisation process- Spatial pattern, growth of Megacities, problems of Urban Growth and Policies, concept of Smart Cities.
Number of questions-
Mains: 02, Prelims – 10
Mains Questions of the day-
1. Telangana’s urban population surpasses national average and stands seventh in the country. Explain the factors responsible for it and the outcomes of this urbanisation.
Introduction: –
Write briefly about the statistics related to state’s urban population
Body: –
Explain how state’s urban population surpasses the national average and its outcomes.
Conclusion: –
- Rapid urbanisation is an indicator that Telangana’s state is progressing on a fast track.
- In line with the increasing urbanisation, the number of municipalities and corporations are also increased to ensure planned growth.
- The State government is working on to increase green cover and improve sanitation, besides developing infrastructure in urban areas through by organising Pattana Pragathi programmes.
Content: –
Distribution of urban population across Telangana reveals that, about 20% of the State population is concentrated in the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation area.
- The urban population in Telangana is rapidly increasing and it has surpassed the national average.
- About 21% of the State’s population was in urban areas in 1971, as against the national urban population of 18%.
- However, there was a steep rise in urban population by 1981 to 25.3% mainly due to increase in population in Hyderabad.
- Further, there has been a substantial jump in urban population during the period 2001 to 2011, from 31.8% to 38.9%.
- Thus, the growth in urban population in the state is much higher than all India.
- As per 2011 census, 1.36 crore (38.9%) of the State’s total population of 3.5 crore, lives in urban areas.
- According to Census 2011, about 31.2% of the country’s total population lives in urban areas.
- Temporal analysis of urbanisation in Telangana reveals that there has been continuous increase in the proportion of urban population in India.
- State-wise comparison of urban population in India reveals that out of 29 states, 11 have urban population higher than the national average of 31.2%.
- Telangana, with 38.9% urban population stands seventh in terms of urbanisation in the country, according to the Socio-Economic Outlook.
- Distribution of urban population across Telangana reveals that, about 20% of the State population is concentrated in the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation area.
- The Greater Warangal Municipal Corporation has been another fast-urbanising geographical area in the state.
- At present, GWMC accounts for about 2% of the state’s total population.
- Warangal, being a historical city and located in a central point, well-connected by rail network and other transportation means, the city and its adjoining urban agglomeration is growing fast, with increased economic activities, the survey stated.
- Another emerging urban agglomeration has been around the Ramagundam Municipal Corporation.
- The region has vast deposits of coal.
- Mineral-based and ancillary industries are coming up in and around Ramagundam, Godavarikhani and Mancherial.
- Public sector undertakings of the State and Centre viz., SCCL, and National Thermal Power Corporation, are located in this area and provide added advantages for industrial development in this region.
Impact/ Outcomes:
- Urbanisation is an indication of development and facilitates employment.
- Rapid urbanisation is an indicator that Telangana is progressing on a fast track.
- In line with the increasing urbanisation, the number of municipalities and corporations are also increased to ensure planned growth.
- Every month the State government is releasing Rs 148 crore to the urban local bodies to extend the required support.
- The New Municipal Act, a few reforms were brought in urban administration and through the TS-bPASS Act, reforms were brought in building permissions.
- The State government is working on to increase green cover and improve sanitation, besides developing infrastructure in urban areas through by organising Pattana Pragathi programmes.
- Depending on the population, integrated vegetable and meat markets, dumpyards, plant nurseries are being constructed.
2.Mention the challenges associated to the Urban Development in Telangana and the interventions to overcome these challenges?
Introduction: –
Write briefly about urbanization and its trends in Telangana.
Body: –
Mention the associated challenges to the Urban Development.
Explain the interventions by the Government to overcome those challenges.
Conclusion: –
- Rapid urbanisation is an indicator of state progressing on a fast track.
- In line with the increasing urbanisation, the number of municipalities and corporations are also increased to ensure planned growth.
- The State government is working on to increase green cover and improve sanitation, besides developing infrastructure in urban areas through by government programmes.
Content: –
Urban Development: –
- Telangana has a total urban population of 1,36,08,665 persons according to Census 2011 which accounts for 38.67 % of the state’s population.
- An increase in migration to urban areas by young in search of employment in urban areas.
- In rural area there was a decrease in number of persons to 12.1 crore from 12.6 crore in 2001.
- However, Rural areas were nearly 3 times higher than in urban areas.
- There was an increase in female births in urban areas compared to rural areas in Telangana.
- Urbanization also led to increase in literacy was estimated as 84.1% in urban areas with higher level of literacy among males (88.8) than compared to women (79.1%) in 2011 in the state.
Challenges associated to the Urban Development: –
• Drainage of cities not adequate to accommodate the precipitations during incidents of heavy rains
• Demand on water resources due to the growth in the urban population and therefore increased pressure on the water supply infrastructure
• Generation of large quantity of sewage.
• Generation of huge amount of solid waste.
• Increased private transportation leading to huge pressure on the road infrastructure and increased emissions in urban areas
Interventions such as: –
• Safe water supply as per norms to the entire urban population
• 100% coverage of sewerage and sanitation for the urban population
• Study and remodel existing water supply, sanitation and sewerage systems to reduce climate change vulnerability
• Protection and restoration of existing water bodies in urban areas, creation of new water bodies
• Scientific management of municipal solid waste in all municipalities and corporations
• Restoring efficiency of drainage network of all municipalities to enable quick evacuation of water and to avoid flooding
• Mandatory rainwater harvesting in Government buildings, larger homes and apartment blocks, commercial establishments, offices, schools/colleges, academic/research establishments and industrial units
• Incentives for rooftop solar power generation and provision of grid connectivity
• Rail based MRTS in emerging cities and expansion of existing MRTS
• Provision of safe footpaths, cycle tracks etc. to promote non-motorised transport
• Recovery of phosphates nitrates etc. from wastewater
Prelims Questions of the day: –
1.Which of the following is restructured scheme of Indira Awas Yojana?
- PRASHAD Scheme
- Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana- Gramin (PMAY-G)
- Atal Mission for Rejuvenation & Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
- Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban
Answer: B
Explanation:
About the Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana- Gramin (PMAY-G):
- Launch:
To achieve the objective of “Housing for All” by 2022, the erstwhile rural housing scheme Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) was restructured to Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G) in 2016.
- Ministry Involved:
Ministry of Rural development.
- Aim:
- To provide a pucca house with basic amenities to all rural families, who are homeless or living in kutcha or dilapidated houses by the end of March 2022.
- To help rural people Below the Poverty Line (BPL) in construction of dwelling units and upgradation of existing unserviceable kutcha houses by providing assistance in the form of a full grant.
- Beneficiaries:
People belonging to SCs/STs, freed bonded labourers and non-SC/ST categories, widows or next-of-kin of defence personnel killed in action, ex-servicemen and retired members of the paramilitary forces, disabled persons and minorities.
- Selection of Beneficiaries:
Through a three stage validation – Socio Economic Caste Census 2011, Gram Sabha, and geo-tagging.
- Cost Sharing:
The cost of unit assistance is shared between Central and State Governments in the ratio 60:40 in plain areas and 90:10 for North Eastern and hilly states.
2.Which of the following represents the PRASHAD Scheme?
- The development of tourism related infrastructure and facilities at various Buddhist Sites in the country
- To promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of Smart Solutions.
- To provide a pucca house with basic amenities to all rural families
- To ensure that every household has access to a tap with the assured supply of water and a sewerage connection.
Answer: A
Explanation:
PRASHAD:
- The Ministry of Tourism has undertaken development of tourism related infrastructure and facilities at various Buddhist Sites in the country under its flagship schemes of PRASHAD.
- PRASHAD Scheme: 30 projects for development of infrastructure have also been undertaken under the PRASHAD Scheme.
- Iconic Tourist Sites: Buddhist Sites at Bodhgaya, Ajanta & Ellora have been identified to be developed as Iconic Tourist Sites (aimed at enhancing India’s soft power).
- Buddhist Conclave: Buddhist Conclave is organised every alternate year with the objective of promoting India as a Buddhist Destination and major markets around the globe.
- Rejuvenation and spiritual augmentation of important national/ global pilgrimage and heritage sites.
- Follow community-based development and create awareness among the local communities.
- Integrated tourism development of heritage city, local arts, culture, handicrafts, cuisine, etc., to generate livelihood.
- Strengthen the mechanism for bridging the infrastructural gaps.
3.What is the percentage of Telangana state in the total population of the Country?
- 4.89%
- 3.89%
- 2.89%
- 5.89%
Answer: C
Explanation:
The percentage of Telangana state in the total population of the country is 2.89%
4.What is the percentage of Urban population in the total population of the Telangana State?
- 37.88%
- 37.78%
- 38.88%
- 38.89%
Answer: C
Explanation:
As per 2011 census, 1.36 crore, i.e., 38.88% of the State’s total population of 3.5 crore, lives in urban areas.
5.Which of the following district has the highest population density in the Telangana state?
- Rangareddy
- Hyderabad
- Warangal
- Medchal
Answer: B
Explanation:
Hyderabad district is the most populated district with a highest population density and Mulugu is the least populated.
6.Which of the following district has the lowest population density in the Telangana state?
- Bhadradi
- Nagarkurnool
- Bhupalapally
- Mulugu
Answer: D
Explanation:
Mulugu District with a population density of 66 people per km is the lowest density district in Telangana
7.Which of the following district has the highest sex ratio in the Telangana state?
- Nirmal
- Nizamabad
- Jagital
- Kamareddy
Answer: C
Explanation:
Jagtial has the highest sex ratio of the total population across Telangana in 2019 – 2020 surpasses the Nirmal, which mean for every 1219 female there are 1000 male in the district.
8.Which of the following Schedule Tribe is the highest populated in Telangana state?
- Lamabadi
- Koya
- Gondu
- Yerukala
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Lambadas are a scheduled tribe inhabiting throughout the state of Telangana and of Andhra Pradesh. They are also known as Sugalis and Banjaras. They population according to 2011 Census is 24,07,637. The Lambadas are the largest tribe in Telangana.
9.What is the second official language of the Telangana?
- Persian
- Hindi
- Urdu
- Telugu
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Telugu one of the classical languages of India is the official language of Telangana and Urdu is the second official language of the state.
- About 75% of the population of Telangana speak Telugu and 12% speak Urdu.
10.What is the percentage of rural population in the total population of Telangana state?
- 60.12%
- 61.12%
- 68.85%
- 90.43%
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Telangana State has 459 Revenue Mandals and 8687 Gram Panchayats; the average density of population in rural areas of Telangana is 194 persons per sq. km.
- The people of state are predominantly residing in rural areas (61.12 percent) and the rest (38.88 percent) are residing in urban areas.