10th July 2022 | Human resources: Demographic Structure and Transition, Demographic dividend, (sex ratio, fertility rate, mortality rates); Literacy and Occupational structure.

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Number of questions- Mains: 02, Prelims – 10

Mains Questions of the day:  

1.Explain the status and importance of working age population in Telangana. 

Introduction:

Write briefly about state of Telangana Economy.

Body:

Explain the status of working age population in Telangana.

Explain the importance of working age population in Telangana.

Conclusion:

  • A skilled workforce is important not just for enhancing people’s income, but also crucial for industrialization of the state. 
  • Cross-country experiences show that industrialization initiatives can be successful only with the availability of skilled labour force. 
  • The study by the National Skill Development Corporation has revealed the glaring skill gaps in Telangana. 
  • The majority of the state workforce is presently engaged as daily-wage earners or agricultural labourers’. 
  • While both the government and the private sectors are engaged in skilling process, there is a great need to strengthen these initiatives.

Content:

  • Developing countries are currently undergoing a demographic transition with a lag and at a faster speed as compared to developed countries. 
  • The demographic transition brings with it changes in the age structure of the population. 
  • Falling (child) mortality rates only followed later on by falling fertility rates create a large youth cohort. 
  • Population growth can thus no longer be assumed stable during the demographic transition. 
  • Releasing the assumption of stable or constant population growth during the demographic transition leads to new insights and a new role for demography on economic growth in developing countries. 
  • A changing age structure has consequences for economic growth. 
  • Many developing countries are currently in a phase of the demographic transition which gives them the prospect of economic growth. 
  • In other words, these countries are either approaching or experiencing a demographic window of opportunity. 

Working-age Population in Telangana:

  • Age group wise analysis of the population reveals that highest proportion of the population in Telangana is concentrated in the age group of 20-29 years (constitutes about 20 per cent of the total population), followed by 10-19 years (about 18 per cent of the total population). 
  • It is also noted that about 65 per cent of the total population in the state is of working-age (i.e. population aged 15-59). 
  • The large working age population is an opportunity for the state to leap-frog its economic growth, as this group comprises the economically active population. 
  • They earn more than they consume, resulting in higher savings and investment, which will further spur economic growth.
  • The bulge in the working-age population the demographic window available to the state- -is short-lived. 
  • As time passes, the working-age population shifts to dependent population age group. 
  • During the ‘demographic window period, the labour force grows faster than the population dependent on it, freeing up resources for investment in economic development and family welfare. Therefore, per capita income grows more rapidly too. 
  • A demographic can be realized only if the government invests in human capital, especially in health, education and skill development of those entering in the labour force. 
  • Otherwise, a large, uneducated unhealthy, unskilled, and under employed workforce cause a burden to the society and threatens its stability.

2. Decribe the Education Levels and Occupational Status among Working Age Population in Telangana. 

Introduction:

Write briefly about Socio-Economic Condition of Telangana State.

Body:

Explain the education levels among working age population in Telangana.

Explain the occupational status among working age population in Telangana.

Conclusion:

  • A skilled workforce is important not just for enhancing people’s income, but also crucial for industrialization of the state. 
  • Cross-country experiences show that industrialization initiatives can be successful only with the availability of skilled labour force. 
  • The study by the National Skill Development Corporation has revealed the glaring skill gaps in Telangana. 
  • The majority of the state workforce is presently engaged as daily-wage earners or agricultural labourers’. 
  • While both the government and the private sectors are engaged in skilling process, there is a great need to strengthen these initiatives.

Content:

  • Developing countries are currently undergoing a demographic transition with a lag and at a faster speed as compared to developed countries. 
  • The demographic transition brings with it changes in the age structure of the population. 
  • Falling (child) mortality rates only followed later on by falling fertility rates create a large youth cohort. 
  • Population growth can thus no longer be assumed stable during the demographic transition. 
  • Releasing the assumption of stable or constant population growth during the demographic transition leads to new insights and a new role for demography on economic growth in developing countries. 
  • A changing age structure has consequences for economic growth. 
  • Many developing countries are currently in a phase of the demographic transition which gives them the prospect of economic growth. 
  • In other words, these countries are either approaching or experiencing a demographic window of opportunity. 

Education Levels among Working Age Population in Telangana: 

  • Education plays a key role in determining the increase in work participation rate and productivity. 
  • However, education levels in the working population in Telangana leave much to be desired. The educational levels in Telangana State, ranging from up to primary (7%) to secondary (29%), intermediate (10%), graduation (14%), post-graduation and above (4%), and also diploma Polytechnic/ITI (2%). 
  • Of the state’s 2.39 crore working-age population, about 34% are illiterate. 
  • Of the educated working-age population, 7 per cent are educated up to primary level, about 29 per cent have completed secondary school and 10 per cent lave studied up to intermediate level.
  • The working age population that has studied or are pursuing higher levels of education is about 20 per cent (graduation 14 per cent and post-graduation 4 per cent or above). 
  • Only 1 per cent of the working-age population in the state are having polytechnic industrial training institute diploma. 

Principal Occupational Analysis of Working-age Population in Telangana:

  • This analysis of the major occupational-wise distribution of the working age population is based on the Intensive Household Survey. 
  • Of the total 2.39 crore working-age population, about 85.5 lakh individuals did not reveal their occupation. 
  • There are 18.89 lakh students and 17.7 lakh housewives are in the state is in the age group of 15-19. 
  • Apart from this, about 8.4lakh individuals have reported as “do nothing”, possibly due to unemployment. 
  • Among those who are working and revealed their occupation, the highest proportion is working as “daily wage labourers”, followed by agricultural labourers’ and “own agriculture”.

Prelims questions of the day:

1.What is the Maternal Mortality Rate in Telangana as per The Registrar General of India’s Sample Registration System (SRS)?

  1. 56
  2. 65
  3. 68
  4. 55

Answer: A

Explanation:

The Registrar General of India’s Sample Registration System (SRS) released the latest special bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India (2017-19).  According to that MMR in different states are Kerala (30), Maharashtra (38), Telangana (56), Tamil Nadu (58), Andhra Pradesh (58), Jharkhand (61), and Gujarat (70).

2.Consider the following 

  1. Hyderabad 
  2. Medchal Malkajgiri 
  3. Rangareddy

Arrange the above in increasing order based on the urban population as per census 2011

  1. 3-1-2
  2. 1-2-3
  3. 1-3-2 
  4. 3-2-1

Answer: D

Explanation: 

  • Rangareddy -14,00,130
  • Hyderabad- 39,43,323
  • Medchal Malkajgiri- 22,50,267

 3.A 24/7 helpline (181) started by Telangana state is related?

  1. Old age people
  2. Street beggars
  3. Orphaned children
  4. For women in distress

Answer: D

Explanation:

A 24/7 helpline (181) for women in distress or women facing gender-based violence is functional in collaboration with GVK-EMRI.

4.According to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), what is the target Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)?

  1. 100
  2. 50
  3. 60
  4. 70

Answer: D

Explanation:

MMR measures the number of maternal deaths that happen during childbirth or within 42 days of the same, for every 1,00,000 live births in the population.SDG target is to bring down MMR to below 70.

5.Consider the following statements: 

  1. A report published by NITI Aayog in 2021 finds that 13.74% of the population in Telangana is living in multidimensional poverty.
  2. Women of reproductive age are considered to be women between the ages of 15-49 years according to the World Health Organisation.

Which of the above statements are correct?

  1. 2 only
  2. Only 1
  3. Both of them
  4. None of them

Answer: C

Explanation: 

A report published by NITI Aayog in 2021 finds that 13.74% of the population in Telangana is living in multidimensional poverty. Women of reproductive age are considered to be women between the ages of 15-49 years according to the World Health Organisation

6.Telangana Academy for Skill and Knowledge (TASK) was established in which year?

  1. 2015
  2. 2014
  3. 2016
  4. 2017

Answer: B

Explanation: 

The Government of Telangana has set up TASK in 2014 for skill development among youth and to create synergy between institutions of government, industry and academia. In order to improve people’s access to skill development institutions, the government has set up five regional centers at Warangal, Karimnagar, Khammam, Hyderabad and Siricilla.

7.What is the Percentage of Decadal Growth Rates of Population during 2001-2011?

  1. 12.5
  2. 15.5
  3. 13.5
  4. 14.5

Answer: C

Explanation:

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 8.What is the Pupil-teacher ratio in primary schools of Telangana during 2020-21?

  1. 30:1
  2. 20:1
  3. 25:1
  4. 35:1

Answer: B

Explanation:

Pupil-Teacher Ratio is critical for equitable learning access at the grade level. As per RTE 2009, the PTR norm for primary level is 30:1 and for upper primary it is 35:1. In Telangana, during 2020-21 the PTR for Primary was 20:1, for Upper Primary it was 16:1 and for Secondary, it was 19:1.

9.What is the literacy rate among STs in Telangana as per census 2011?

  1. 49.5
  2. 59.5
  3. 39.5
  4. 29.5

Answer: A

Explanation:

As per the census 2011, the literacy rate among STs is 49.5

10.Which district in Telangana has the highest population sex ratio?

  1. Rajanna Siricilla
  2. Jagital
  3. Nizamabad
  4. Nirmal

Answer: D

Explanation: 

Nirmal has the highest sex ratio of 1044 among all the Telangana districts.

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